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Sciatica

What is Sciatica?

Sciatica is pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, travelling from the lower back through the buttock and down the back of the leg. It occurs when a nerve root in the lumbar spine becomes compressed or irritated. While sciatica can be intensely painful, most cases resolve with non-surgical treatment when addressed promptly.

Symptoms

  • Shooting or burning pain that travels from the lower back down one leg
  • Numbness or tingling in the leg, foot, or toes
  • A burning or searing sensation along the nerve path
  • Muscle weakness in the affected leg or foot
  • Pain that worsens when sitting for prolonged periods
  • Difficulty standing up or walking comfortably
  • Pain typically affecting only one side of the body

Common Causes

  • Herniated or bulging disc pressing on a nerve root
  • Spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal)
  • Piriformis syndrome (tightening of the piriformis muscle)
  • Degenerative disc disease reducing disc height
  • Bone spurs (osteophytes) compressing the nerve
  • Pregnancy-related pressure on the sciatic nerve

When to Seek Help

You should seek professional help if your sciatic pain persists for more than two weeks, if you notice progressive weakness in your leg or foot, or if the pain is severe enough to limit your daily activities. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience sudden changes in bladder or bowel function, numbness in both legs, or severe pain following an injury or fall.

Understanding Sciatica

The sciatic nerve is the longest and thickest nerve in the body, running from the lower spine through the buttock and down each leg. When this nerve becomes compressed or irritated at its root, the pain can radiate along its entire path — sometimes all the way to the foot.

Sciatica is particularly common among expats on the Costa Blanca who may be:

  • Spending long hours driving or sitting during the relocation process
  • Taking up new physical activities such as hiking, golf, or cycling
  • Working from home without proper ergonomic support
  • Managing increased stress that contributes to muscle tension and disc pressure

Our Approach

Every sciatica case is different, and effective treatment depends on identifying the precise cause. Your assessment at our clinic includes:

  1. Comprehensive history — understanding the onset, location, and behaviour of your pain
  2. Neurological examination — testing reflexes, sensation, and muscle strength in the affected leg
  3. Movement assessment — identifying which positions and movements reproduce or relieve your symptoms
  4. Diagnosis and treatment plan — determining whether the cause is disc-related, muscular, or structural, and selecting the most appropriate therapies

Treatment Options

Based on your diagnosis, your treatment plan may include:

  • Spinal Decompression — gently creating space between vertebrae to relieve pressure on the compressed nerve root
  • Sports Massage — releasing tension in the piriformis, gluteal, and lumbar muscles that may be contributing to nerve irritation
  • Nerve mobilisation — specific techniques to restore normal gliding of the sciatic nerve
  • Targeted exercise rehabilitation — progressive strengthening to support the spine and prevent recurrence

Recovery and Prevention

Most patients experience meaningful relief within the first few treatment sessions, with continued improvement over 4–8 weeks. Full recovery depends on the underlying cause and how long symptoms have been present.

To reduce the risk of sciatica returning, we recommend:

  • Regular core strengthening exercises to stabilise the lumbar spine
  • Proper lifting technique and body mechanics
  • Frequent movement breaks if you sit for extended periods
  • Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce spinal load
  • Stretching routines targeting the lower back, hips, and hamstrings

Medically reviewed by Dr. James Mitchell, DC

Last reviewed View profile →

Frequently Asked Questions

What causes sciatica?

The most common cause of sciatica is a herniated disc in the lumbar spine pressing on the sciatic nerve root. Other causes include spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal), piriformis syndrome (a buttock muscle compressing the nerve), and degenerative disc disease. We identify the specific cause during your initial assessment so treatment targets the actual problem rather than just the symptoms.

How long does sciatica take to heal?

Most episodes of sciatica improve significantly within 4–8 weeks with appropriate treatment. Mild cases — for example, a small disc bulge with intermittent pain — may resolve in 2–4 weeks. More complex cases involving significant disc herniation may take 3–6 months of consistent treatment. Early treatment generally leads to faster and more complete recovery.

Can sciatica be treated without surgery?

Yes — the vast majority of sciatica cases respond well to non-surgical treatment. At our clinic we use spinal decompression therapy combined with targeted manual treatment and a structured exercise rehabilitation programme. Surgery is typically only considered when conservative treatment has not provided meaningful relief after several months, or when there are red-flag symptoms such as progressive weakness or loss of bladder control.

What are the best exercises for sciatica?

Beneficial sciatica exercises generally include gentle nerve gliding (sometimes called nerve flossing), specific stretches for the piriformis and hamstrings, and core stabilisation work. The right exercises depend on the underlying cause — some common exercises can actually worsen certain types of sciatica, such as forceful forward bends if your sciatica is caused by a posterior disc herniation. We prescribe a tailored programme based on your assessment.

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